Nutrition and Rheumatology

Rheumatology is a sub-specialty of internal medicine which involves the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the bones, joints, muscles and connective tissues.

Rheumatologists treat many disorders affecting the bones and joints. They are specialists in the treatment of osteoporosis (the loss of bone mineral density) and other metabolic bone disorders. Rheumatologists are able to distinguish between over 100 types of arthritis and they can determine whether their patient has arthritis, which involves the joints, or other painful disorders such as tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, back pain, or nerve disorders. Rheumatologists also diagnose and treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, scleroderma, and psoriatic arthritis, which arise from abnormal activity of the immune system.

Rheumatologists rely on a detailed history and physical examination as well as laboratory tests and other evaluation procedures to make a specific diagnosis. Treatment is tailored to the specific disorder and might include medications, physical therapy and exercise, local injections, as well as dietary and lifestyle changes.

Evidence-based nutritional supplementation plays an important role in the treatment of many rheumatologic conditions. Certain nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, folic acid and omega-3 fatty acids have become a standard part of rheumatologic care. Many rheumatologists also are exploring the use of complementary nutritional approaches such as glucosamine, chondroitin, and SAMe.